पदार्थ विज्ञानं

पदार्थविज्ञानं

Sub-fields of materials science

• Nanotechnology --- the creation and study of molecularly engineered materials (nanomaterials) with structures on the length scale of nanometers.
• Crystallography --- the study of the physics of crystals, including
  • defects in crystals, such as grain boundaries and dislocations, and their effects on physical properties;
  • diffraction techniques, for phase identification.
• Metallurgy --- the study of metals
• Ceramics
• Biomaterials
• Solid-state chemistry --- the study of chemistry taking place within solids
• Solid-state physics --- usually considered the study of quantum effects in solid material, such as semiconduction or superconduction.
• Continuum mechanics --- the study of solids and fluids, assuming that they are continuous materials (rather than made of atoms).