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फलकम्:Cite book/doc

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फलकम्:For2 The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

If invoked with the right parameters, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}. The default behavior sometimes differs from that of the Cite templates; for example, this template by default generates anchors for s whereas the Cite templates do not (although they can be made to do so), and this template by default uses commas to separate some fields that the Cite templates separate with periods (full stops).

The template should be inserted after punctuation, such as a period or comma.

All parameter names are .

The table below gives the most commonly used attributes; you can copy the horizontal form below or vertical form in the left hand column and then add in extra attributes from the full list. Spacing and ordering is irrelevant.

{{Citation|last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |access-date= }}

{{Citation
|last=
|first=
|year=
|title=
|publisher=
| publication-place=
|page=
|url=
| access-date=
}}
  • last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with author.
  • first: The author's first or given name(s).
  • year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from , unless |date= specifies both month and year.
  • title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
  • publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press.
    • publication-place (or place): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office.
  • page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
  • url: An of an online location where the item can be found.
    • access-date: Date when the url was accessed.
{{ Citation
 | last=Turner
 | first=O.
 | title=History of the Pioneer
Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's
Purchase, and Morris' Reserve
 | publisher=William Alling
 | place=Rochester, New York
 | year=1851
 | url = http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851
 }}
Turner, O. (1851). History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve. Rochester, New York: William Alling. 

Full citation parameters

[सम्पादयतु]

These can be used for all types of publication except patents. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items—these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.

{{Citation
|author=
| last=
| first=
| author2=
| last2=
| first2=
| author-link=
| author2-link=
| author-separator=
| author-name-separator=
| author=mask=
| display-authors=
| coauthors=
|editor=
| editor-last=
| editor-first=
| editor2=
| editor2-last=
| editor2-first=
| editor-link=
| editor2-link=
|others=
|publication-date=
| year=
|  month=
| origyear=
|title=
|chapter=
| chapter-url=
| contribution=
| contribution-url=
|type=
| journal=
| periodical=
| newspaper=
| magazine=
| work=
|edition=
| series=
| volume=
| issue=
|publisher=
| publication-place=
|  place=
|language=
|page=
| pages=
| nopp=
| at=
|id=
| isbn=
| issn=
| oclc=
| pmid=
| pmc=
|  pmc-embargo-date:
| bibcode=
| doi=
|  doi-inactive=
|url=
| access-date=
| format=
| archiveurl=
| archivedate=
|quote=
|lay-summary=
| lay-source=
| lay-date=
|separator=
|postscript=
|ref=
}}
  • author (or author1): The author's name. It is preferable to use the last/first attributes below for single or multiple authors.
    • last (or last1): The author's surname or last name.
    • first (or first1): The author's first or given name(s).
    • author2, last2, first2, up to author9 etc.: can be used for multiple authors– up to 8 will be shown before et al. is displayed
    • author-link: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first author (author2-link etc can also be used).
    • author-separator: override the default semi-colon that separates authors.
    • author-name-separator: override the default comma that separates authors' last and first names.
    • display-authors: Truncate the list of authors at an arbitrary point with "et al". Still include the first 9 authors to allow metadata to be generated.
    • lastauthoramp: If supplied, whether or not assigned a value, places an ampersand (&) before the last name of final author, if more than one author is supplied. Recommended usage is lastauthoramp=yes.
    • coauthors: Names of additional author(s) can be given but author2 or last2, first2 is preferred.
  • editor: Name of editor, placed after date with ,ed. Not required for periodicals.
    • editor-link: link to article about the editor
  • others: Any other associated people (e.g. foreword) placed after editor.
  • publication-date (or date): Date[n १] of publication.
    • date: Date[n १] of authorship, if different from date of publication. If only date is used, it will be treated as the date of publication.
    • year: Year of authorship or publication. (Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full date.)
      • month: Month of publication (ignored if the date field is used).
    • origyear: Year of first publication, if different.
  • title: Title of the book or article in a periodical. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "&#91;" for "[" and "&#93;" for "]"
  • chapter or contribution: title of the chapter or part of a publication will be put in quotes.
    • chapter-url or contribution-url: use to add a link to the chapter or contribution title.
  • type: An optional field which can be used to provide additional information about a publication type. The content appears in parentheses following the title. If the publication is a thesis or dissertation, the type might be specified as type=PhD thesis, If the publication is an audiobook on compact disk, the type might be specified as type=CD.
    • journal or periodical or newspaper or magazine or work: Name of the journal or periodical.
  • edition: Number or name of the edition, if not the first; for example: edition=2nd.
    • series: The book series of which this book is a part.
    • volume: The volume number of a multi-volume book.
    • issue: Issue number of a periodical.
  • publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not needed if issn or doi used.
    • publication-place (or place): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: place=Paris, TX (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
      • place or location: City in which the work was made, if different from the city of publication. If only place is used, it will be treated as the city of publication.
  • language: If not English. e.g. Finnish.
  • page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
    • pages: For use when multiple pages are cited. Adds "pp." before the page numbers. Do not use with page.
    • nopp: if set to any value, page=/pages= do not generate 'p.' or 'pp.'. E.g. nopp=true. Using at= has the same effect.
    • at: Position within the resource when |page=/|pages= is inappropriate or insufficient. This parameter is ignored if |page=/|pages= is specified. Examples of usage of |at=: |at=para. 14 (when citing a source without page numbers), |at=02:56 (a film or audio timestamp), |at=no. 456 (something in a numbered list), |at=p. 6, col. 2 (for a page and a column because "column" is not a Citation template parameter), or |at=sec. F pp. 4–6 (for a section and a page within the section, "section" not being a parameter).
  • id: A for the document, used if none of the below are applicable. In this case, you need to specify the kind of identifier you are using, preferably with a template like {{MR}} / {{MathSciNet}}, {{Zbl}}, {{arXiv}}, {{JSTOR}} or {{JFM}}.
    • isbn: Use this parameter if the book has an ; follow the guidance at Wikipedia:ISBN to use ISBNs with correctly placed dashes, and give the ISBN-13 instead of ISBN-10 when available.
    • issn: The publication's such as 1111-2220. The eight-figure ISSN may be split into two groups of four using a ; but not an or a space.
    • doi: A such as 10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001.
      • doi_inactivedate: Date[n १] on which the DOI was observed to be not functioning.
    • oclc: ID number, such as 3185581 (superfluous when ISBN is given).
    • pmid: The document's , such as 15128012
    • pmc: The document's article number (PMCID) for full-text free repository of an article, such as 246835
      • pmc-embargo-date: The date that an article will be freely accessible at PubMed central. After this date, the title will automatically link to the free full text at PubMed Central (and the parameter will be removed by a bot).
    • bibcode: The document's in the , e.g., 1924MNRAS..84..308E
  • url: An of an online location where the book can be found.
    • This should point to, in descending order of preference:
      1. A free online version of the full text
      2. An online version of the full text, for which subscription is required
      3. An abstract or information page, if no DOI or PMID record is available
    • access-date: Date[n १] when the url was accessed.
    • format: format of online documentation if not html (e.g. pdf).
    • archive parameters (if used, both must be used together)
      • archiveurl: The URL of an copy of a web page, if (or in case) the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like and .
      • archivedate: Date when the item was archived. Should not be wikilinked.
  • separator: specifies the punctuation mark used to separate certain fields. This defaults to a comma; the 'Cite xxx' family of templates uses a period.
  • lay-summary: URL of a lay summary of a technical article, which could be in a popular science magazine or newspaper.
    • lay-source: Name of the source, e.g. The Guardian (UK newspaper) or New Scientist.
    • lay-date: The date[n १] of publication or, where this is not available, date of retrieval of the lay summary.
  • postscript: Set terminal punctuation. Omit or leave blank to remove the trailing full stop. Punctuation specified by this parameter will appear within the cite span, and consequently before any icons added by metadata-using software (e.g. library browser plugins). Hence this parameter should be used instead of manually appending data to the citation. This parameter is ignored if |quote= is specified, when |postscript=. is forced.
  • ref: An explicit ID for Harvard references; see
  1. १.० १.१ १.२ १.३ १.४
    • The format of dates in the references of an article should use a consistent and unambiguous style. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
    • 2009
    • 2009-09-14
    • 14 September 2009
    • September 14, 2009 (with comma)
    • 2009 Sep 14
    • September 2009
    • Sept./Oct. 2009
    • As indicated above, month names are sometimes abbreviated (e.g., September to "Sept" or "Sept." or "Sep" or "Sep.")
    • Dates should not be linked in references.
    • Please see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Dates for more guidance about formatting dates.

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