फलकम्:Infobox planet
Other templates redirecting here: Infobox Nonstellar body · Infobox TNO
This template has been designed for the presentation of information on non-stellar astronomical bodies: planets (including extrasolar planets), dwarf planets, moons and minor planets. Some parameters will not be applicable to individual types; these may be omitted without any problems to the template's function. Usage notes[सम्पादयतु]
Recommended parameters[सम्पादयतु]For a list of all parameters, see All parameters below. Exosolar planets[सम्पादयतु]
{{Infobox planet |name = <!--(Common/agreed name)--> |image = |caption = |apsis = astron |discovery_ref = <!--(Any appropriate <ref>(s) to append to the name)--> |discoverer = |discovery_site = |discovered = <!--(Date)--> |discovery_method = |alt_names = <!--(Any alternative names for the body)--> |periastron = |apoastron = |semimajor = |avg_speed = <!--(Average orbital speed)--> |eccentricity = |period = <!--(Orbital period)--> |inclination = |angular_dist = |long_periastron = <!--(Longitude of periastron)--> |time_periastron = <!--(Time of periastron)--> |semi-amplitude = |mean_radius = |surface_area = |volume = |density = |mass = |surface_grav = <!--Equatorial surface gravity--> |escape_velocity = |albedo = |single_temperature = }} Minor planets[सम्पादयतु]
{{Infobox planet |width = 25em |name = |symbol = |background = #FFFFC0 |image = |caption = |discovery_ref = <ref>....</ref> |discoverer = |discovered = |discovery_site = ''discovery_site'' |mp_name = <!--(Minor planet name)--> |mp_category = <!--(Minor planet category)--> |alt_names = <!--(Alternative names)--> |orbit_ref = <ref> Osculating Orbital Elements </ref> |epoch = |aphelion = |perihelion = |semimajor = |eccentricity = |period = |avg_speed = <!--(Average orbital speed)--> |inclination = |asc_node = <!--(Longitude of ascending node)--> |mean_anomaly = |arg_peri = <!--(Argument of perihelion)--> |p_orbit_ref = <ref> Proper Orbital Elements </ref> |p_semimajor = |p_eccentricity = |p_inclination = |p_mean_motion = <!--(Proper orbital mean motion)--> |perihelion_rate = <!--(Proper perihelic precession rate)--> |node_rate = <!--(Proper nodal precession rate)--> |satellites = |dimensions = |mass = |density = |surface_grav = <!--(Equatorial surface gravity)--> |escape_velocity = |sidereal_day = |axial_tilt = |pole_ecliptic_lat = <!--(Pole ecliptic latitude)--> |pole_ecliptic_lon = <!--(Pole ecliptic longitude)--> |albedo = |temp_name1 = |mean_temp_1 = |max_temp_1 = |temp_name2 = |max_temp_2 = |spectral_type = |abs_magnitude = <!--(Absolute magnitude)--> }} See here for means of semi-automating this template's transclusion as regards minor planets.
Notes on usage[सम्पादयतु]
Most of these entries should be measured in SI units. Some of them, however, should have more "human-accessible" units, in addition to SI units: several such cases are indicated with a second unit name in brackets. In the case of times (orbital periods, rotation), it is best to give all periods in days for comparison purposes, and provide a translation (in parentheses) into years, days, hours, etc.; whatever is most appropriate for the duration being described. Compared to table templates for things like the elements, this template should be considered somewhat more flexible. Moons with no atmosphere whatsoever could skip the atmospheric composition section entirely, for example (though atmospheric density would still be listed). Moons also wouldn't have their orbital radii listed in AU, since AUs are such large units. For planets, use "perihelion" and "aphelion" instead of "periapsis" and "apoapsis." In the case of "number of moons" and "is a moon of", only one of these rows will be used by any given object. There aren't any moons with moons (yet), though perhaps "co-orbital with" might be a useful row to add in a few cases. A set of colours for use in the 2-column headers of this table:
On orbital characteristics: The orbital circumference should be computed from the semi-major axis using Ramanujan's approximation for ellipses. The ratio of that circumference to the period then gives the average orbital speed. The minimum and maximum speeds follow from Kepler's laws: and . Note that, by convention, all orbital parameters are given in the primocentric reference system (heliocentric for the planets). On proper orbital elements: The formulae used by the template to convert from proper mean motion to proper orbital motion are: On physical characteristics: The surface area and volume of non-spherical objects (e.g. moonlets, asteroids) must use the proper ellipsoid formulae, because even slight departures from sphericity will make a large difference, particularly for the area. On the subject of obliquity: Obliquity is the angle between the object's axis of rotation and the normal to the plane of its orbit. Do not confuse this with the Tilt listed in the JPL pages, which is a measure of the angle between the local Laplace plane and the primary's equatorial plane. In fact, most inner moons have synchronous rotations, so their obliquities will be, by definition, zero. Outer moons simply have not been seen from close up enough to determine their true obliquities (although Phoebe, recently seen by the Cassini probe, is an exception; see Talk:Phoebe (moon) for the derivation of its obliquity). All parameters[सम्पादयतु]{{Infobox planet |width = <!--(Best given in font-proportional units such as 'em')--> |name = |symbol = <!--([[Image:...]])--> |background = |image = <!--([[Image:...]])--> |caption = |apsis = |discovery_ref = <ref>...</ref> |discoverer = |discovery_site = |discovered = |discovery_method = |mp_name = |pronounce = |named_after = |mp_category = |alt_names = |orbit_ref = <ref> Osculating Orbital Elements </ref> |epoch = |aphelion = |perihelion = |periastron = |apoastron = |periapsis = |apoapsis = |semimajor = |mean_orbit_radius = |eccentricity = |period = |synodic_period = |avg_speed = <!--(Average orbital speed)--> |mean_anomaly = |inclination = |angular_dist = <!--(Angular distance)--> |asc_node = <!--(Longitude of ascending node)--> |long_periastron = <!--(Longitude of periastron)--> |time_periastron = <!--(Time of periastron)--> |arg_peri = <!--(Argument of peri[helion/astron/...])--> |semi-amplitude = |p_orbit_ref = <ref> Proper Orbital Elements </ref> |p_semimajor = |p_eccentricity = |p_inclination = |p_mean_motion = <!--(Proper orbital mean motion)--> |perihelion_rate = <!--(Proper perihelic precession rate)--> |node_rate = <!--(Proper nodal precession rate)--> |satellite_of = |satellites = |dimensions = |flattening = |equatorial_radius = |polar_radius = |mean_radius = |circumference = |surface_area = |volume = |mass = |density = |surface_grav = <!--(Equatorial surface gravity)--> |escape_velocity = |sidereal_day = |rot_velocity = <!--(Rotational velocity)--> |axial_tilt = |right_asc_north_pole = <!--(North pole right ascension)--> |declination = <!--(North pole declination)--> |pole_ecliptic_lat = <!--(Pole ecliptic latitude)--> |pole_ecliptic_lon = <!--(Pole ecliptic longitude)--> |albedo = |single_temperature = |temp_name1 = |min_temp_1 = |mean_temp_1 = |max_temp_1 = |temp_name2 = |min_temp_2 = |mean_temp_2 = |max_temp_2 = |spectral_type = |magnitude = <!--(Apparent magnitude)--> |abs_magnitude = <!--(Absolute magnitude)--> |angular_size = |pronounce = {{IPA-en|<!-- IPA string -->|}} |adjectives = |atmosphere_ref = <ref>...</ref> |surface_pressure = |scale_height = |atmosphere_composition = }} Computed values[सम्पादयतु]This section documents how some minor planet parameters may be computed when they're not directly measured. More detail can be found in Standard asteroid physical characteristics. Average orbital speed[सम्पादयतु]This is very simply the orbital circumference divided by the orbital period. The exact circumference of an ellipse is , where a is the semi-major axis, e the eccentricity, and the function E is the complete elliptic integral of the second kind. This gives E is close to when e is small. An approximation using a taylor series expansion is AstOrb Browser computes a velocity using Ramanujan's approximation for an ellipse's circumference: Where b is the orbit's semi-minor axis: Surface gravity[सम्पादयतु]For a spherical body of mass m, and radius r, the gravitational acceleration at the surface , is given by Where G = 6.6742×10−11 m3s−2kg−1 is the Gravitational constant, M is the mass of the body, and r its radius. This value is very approximate, as most minor planets are far from spherical. For irregularly shaped bodies, the surface gravity will differ appreciably with location. However, at the outermost point/s, where the distance to the centre of mass is the greatest, the surface gravity is still given by a simple formula, a slightly modified version of the above that uses the largest radius because all the body's mass is contained within this radius. On a rotating body, the apparent weight experienced by an object on the surface is reduced by the centrifugal force, when one is away from the poles. The centrifugal acceleration experienced at the equator is where T is the rotation period in seconds, and is the equatorial radius (usually also the maximum radius used above). The negative sign indicates that it acts in the opposite direction to the gravitational acceleration g. The effective surface gravity at the equator is then Escape velocity[सम्पादयतु]For surface gravity g and radius r, the escape velocity is: This value is much less sensitive to the factors affecting the surface gravity, mentioned above. Temperature[सम्पादयतु]For asteroid albedo α, semimajor axis a, solar luminosity , and asteroid infrared emissivity ε (usually taken to be ~0.9), the approximate mean temperature T is given by: Where σ is Stefan-Boltzmann constant. See also Torrence V. Johnson, Paul R. Weissman, Lucy-Ann A. McFadden (2007). Encyclopedia of the Solar System. Elsevier. p. 294. ISBN 0120885891.. Microformat[सम्पादयतु]The HTML mark up produced by this template includes an hCard microformat, which makes the place-name and location parsable by computers, either acting automatically to catalogue article across Wikipedia, or via a browser tool operated by a person, to (for example) add the subject to an address book. For more information about the use of microformats on Wikipedia, please see the microformat project. If the place or venue has an "established", "founded", "opened" or similar date, specific to the day, use {{Start date}} (unless the date is before 1583 CE); if it has a URL, use {{URL}}. hCard uses HTML classes including:
Please do not rename or remove these classes; nor collapse nested elements which use them. References[सम्पादयतु] |
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